Correction material and method for the manufacture thereof

ABSTRACT

A method for manufacturing a correction material which utilizes a release layer top coating having a solvent which penetrates a transfer layer base coat to insinuate itself between the base coat and a substrate to permit for better and clearer transfer of material.

Waited States Patent 1 Barouh et a1. Nov. 27, 1973 [54] CORRECTIONMATERIAL AND METHOD 3,484,264 12/1969 Strauss et a] ll7/36.4 X FOR HMANUFACTURE THEREOF 3,311,489 3/1967 Barbour.... 117/76 X 3,552,9901/1971 Barouh 117/2 TC [76] Inventors: Victor Barouh, 935 Plum Tree Rd.,3 515,572 6/1970 D bi h 117/2 TC West, Westbury; Robert Glenn, 3,679,4547/ 1972 Penniman 117/44 70-20 108th St., Forest Hills, both of NY.Primary Examiner-William D. Martin Filed: 1972 Assistant Examiner-HarryJ. Gwinnell pp No: 22,53 Att0meyl(enneth S. Goldfarb [52] U.S. Cl.117/36.4, 117/2 TC, 117/78,

117/90, 117/92, 117/119 [57] ABSTRACT [51] Int. Cl. B4lc 1/08, B23p 7/00A method for manufacturing a correction material [58] Field of Search 117/2 TC, 3.1, 36.3, which utilizes a release layer top coating having a1 l7/36.4, 78, 62, 1 1 92 vent which penetrates a transfer layer basecoat to insinuate itself between the base coat and a substrate to [56]References C'ted permit for better and clearer transfer of material.

UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,912,344 11/1959 Newman et al ll7/36.4 6 Claims,1 Drawing Figure g /2x i T PATENIED DEC 4 1915 CORRECTION MATERIAL ANDMETHOD-FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF made on typewriters using silk,nylon, mylar, polyethylene, cotton or paper ribbons. In addition tocorrecting the original sheet this new invention will also enabledevices user to correct copies made from all known carbon evices such aswax carbon paper, solvent carbon paper and solvent film.

At present there are two waystocorrect typewritten errors, erasingandutilizing correction material that masks the error. Erasing may smearor tearthe paper, is time consuming and generally unsatisfactory. Theuse of correction materials, although touted as the cleanest andquickest method, still often requires striking the typewriter keyseveraltimes to satisfactorily mask the error before striking the correctedletter. The method isnt whollysatisfactory since it is often necessaryto strike the corrected letter several times because the transferredcorrectionmaterial. has not in the, past been sufficiently receptive tothe ink from the typewritter key. The problem then is in masking andreceiving. Either the error is masked well but many strike overs arenecessary or masking is poor and the correction is blurred. To theseproblems four variables exist which make satisfactory correctionsdifficult to perform. Heretofore it has not been possible to have asingle correction material for all corrections because there is such avariety of manual and electric typewriters whose keys require differentamounts of pressure in order to depress them, the typewriters use avariety of ribbons such as, silk, nylon, cotton, mylar, polyethylene andpa per, and the variations of degrees of inking that are found in theparticular ribbon. The fourth variable is the use today of differentweight papers having different absorption qualities.

Some bonded letterheads are more resistant to the oils found in a heavyinked ribbon. Therefore the oils remain on the surface of the bondpreventing the transferred correction material from satisfactorilymasking the typed error. This problem also prevents satisfactorystrike-overs of the corrected letter.

Because of the aforementioned variables it is necessary to have avariety of correction materials to correct errors on different surfaceswhen made from different ribbons. When an original requires acorrection,.the correction material to be used is determined by thetypewriter ribbon used in the making of the error. When an error is madewith a ribbon of film carrying a conventional carbon formula correctionmaterial other than one used for correcting other type ribbons had to beused. With a film ribbon having a solvent coating another correctionmaterial had to be used to make the correction. With the various degreesof inking found on nylon, silk and cotton ribbons different correctionmaterials has to be used. lf a correction was desired on the carbon copya different correction material had to beused than the one used fororiginals. Furthermore, there is no satisfactory correction materialknown today that corrects errors made from the use of solvent carbons.

An object of the present invention is to provide on paper or likematerial a new pressure sensitive transfer coating for use as a maskingagent for erroneously key struck impressions.

The same problem exists when correcting carbon copy errors. There aremany different types of carbon paper in use today. Carbon papers aremade with a conventionalwax formula. Correction materials made speciallyfor correcting errors on carbon copies will do only a fair job ofmasking the error. It is necessary to strike the correct letter twicewhich makes the correction noticeable and therefore undesirable.

When solvent carbon paper or solvent carbon film is used to make carboncopies, the problems become even greater. Impressions made with solventformulas are actually a series of plastic beads carrying a color. Theseplastic beads resist normal pigments and binders foundin the correctionmaterials that are on the market today. The formulation of the solventcarbon is not compatible with the formulation of present correctiondevices. When strike-overs are attempted the chemicals resist,preventing reception of the correct type. Masking the error is a problembut receiving the new type is so great a problem that as far as is knownthere is no correction material that can correct errors made on alltypes of solvent carbons, whether film or paper.

It is another object of this invention to mask errors made on originalsfrom any manual or electric typewriter using any type of ribbon with anydegree of inking including film and mylar as well as correcting errorson carbon copies made by carbon paper or any type of solvent carbon andreceiving the new impression with only one strike-over.

The color of the coated material which will be transferred to theoriginal or copy which is to be masked will blend in with the color ofthe paper thereby making the opaquing unnoticeable and therefore highlydesirable. Various shades of white to grey and all other colors andshades are made with the same excellent results.

These and other objects of the invention as will become apparent as thefollowing description proceeds, are attainedby this correction material,a preferred embodiment of the apparatus used in the manufacture thereofbeing shown in the FIGURE which is a schematic diagram of the apparatusemployed.

The correction material made in accordance with the concepts ofthe'present invention includes a base sheet of flexible material, suchas a lightweight paper, having one side of any esired color and design,which may also be used for printing instructions as to the manner ofusing the correction material. The opposite side of the base sheet ispreferably completely coated twice with a transfer layer and releaselayer of a composition suitable for the purpose of the present inventionand to be hereinafter described.

A further object of the invention is to provide one correction devicethat can correct typewriter written originals and carbon copies. Thisone correction device corrects typewritten originals made on manual orelectric typewriters, with either fabric ribbons of paper or filmribbons coated or inked with oil, wax or solvent inks. This samecorrection device corrects carbon copies made with correction waxformulas or solvent formulas coated on paper or film. This one singledevice corrects all errors on originals and carbon copiessimultaneously.

The correction material is preferably manufactured in small strips so asto be especially useful for correcting minor errors, such as misspelledwords, short sentences, and the like. However, it must be recognizedthat such articles may also be constructed in any desired shape and sizeso as to be readily available for correcting entire pages, paragraphs,and the like, should such be deemed desirable and necessary.

In practicing the method of correcting errors in accordance with thepresent invention on a typewritten sheet having an error, such as amisspelling of a word, the carriage of the typewriter is first returnedto the origin of the error and the correction material is placeddirectly upon the face between the typewriter ribbon and the stock inthe typewriter. The key of the typewriter is then actuated to strike thesame letters as the error appearing on the copy so that the type bar ofthe typewriter will impinge upon the back side of the article throughthe ribbon, to transmit sufficient coating material from the layer tocompletely coat such error to be corrected and mask it. The typewritercarriage is then again returned to the point of origin of the error andthe correction material is removed, so that the typewriter may then beactuated to cause the correct type bar to imprint the correct letterdirectly upon the masked errors ofthe stock to produce a corrected copysheet.

ln actual use, individual sheets or sections may be placed between eachcarbon copy page and the respective sheet of carbon paper or solventcarbon, so as to simultaneously correct the errors on each of theoriginal and carbon copy sheets at the same time. In correcting theoriginal and copy sheets in this manner the same method of adjusting thecarriage and obliterating the mistaken copy is followed as describedabove, and following which the corrected impressions are made after thecorrection sheets have been removed.

The novelty of this invention becomes apparent from the unexpectedresults occurring when the chemicals are blended and mixed in thefollowing unique manner. First, the carrier or base sheet is given acoat of binder, at full strength, with solvent, pigment and metallicadditive. This coats the paper as if it were paint preventing any formof release, especially because of the quantity of binder used. However,by recoating the same base sheet with a formulation of dye, solvent, andrelease coat material such as Quilon or silicon, and/or stearate,binder, wax, and fill. The solvent breaks the binder while the releasecoat material works its way under the pigment, binder, and metallicadditive forming a shield between the carrier sheet and the pigmentedbinder formula. Then heat is applied at 220F. for a time between 1 and 3seconds. Suddenly and unexpectedly, the binder releases from the basesheet just enough to become a transfer material. In its final state andready for use it is in a state of extra hardness allowing any typeoverto be received perfectly.

In addition, a blue, purple or pink dye is added to the top coatmaterial which cuts the white glare of the pigment so that thetransferred material blends better with the stock paper therebypractically leaving no trace of the error or that a correction was made.

In the past there have been several ways of coating a carrier sheet foruse as a correction device, which includes using a formula of pigment,solvent and small amount of binder. This substance will adhere to thecarrier sheet and will transfer when struck by a typewriter keyperfectly but will need two typeovers to make a good correction becausethe corrected letter is being types on the titanium pigment andtherefore comes grey. The feature here is that the corrected letter isbeing typed on the binder which is less absorbent and results in asharp, clear impression as would be when typing on a dry, solid sheet ofpaper. By using a greater amount of binder in the base formula you havea harder surface to type upon. Without the unique top coat and top coatprocess, according to the present invention, this harder surface wouldnot release from the carrier sheet.

Further, there already is a process of putting release coat on first andthen a solid or opaque ink formula. This is used in letter transfers orimage transfers. It is not adaptable for use with typewritten errorsbecause the break away is uneven when struck by a key. It only workswhen a pre-printed impression is desired to be transferred.

The present invention differs from these previous ways of coating acarrier sheet by using a base coat formula with a large percentage ofbinder. The carrier sheet then becomes coated with a thinnon-transferable coating. When a top coat formula comprised mainly of asolvent which dissolves or breaks down the binder, and talc or clay orstearates which absorb the ink from the ribbon, and a release substancelike silicon or Quilon which permits the opaquing substance to releasefrom the carrier sheet and be transferred evenly and completely, a nowusually effective transferable coating will be attained. The releasecoat substance works its way between the base coat and carrier sheet.How-- ever, the results are different from prior art letter transferformulas and unexpected in that the material that is transferred is inthe shape of the desired key impression. There is no flaking. Had therelease coat formula been applied to the carrier sheet first and thenthe base coat formula which has the opaquing pigment that is the maskingsubstance, the transfer would not have been even. For example, if thetypewritten letter K was desired to be struck against the correctionmaterial to mask the erroneously typed K, there is no way of predictingthat the correction material will release from the carrier sheet in theshape of K. Blotches of correction material may release or parts of theletter K may release. But by applying the top coat formula on top of thebase coat formula, exact transfer is accomplished and only one typeoveris needed for the correction. This way the corrected letter is not beingtyped on pigments as was happening in the prior correction material.

In accordance with this invention, the following are examples of theformulae used for the base coat. All parts are by weight.

EXAMPLE No. 1

Ethyl Cellulose CPS) (binder) 10 parts Titanium Dioxide parts pigmentsMagnesium Silicate 5 parts Butyl Alcohol 15 parts solvents Ethyl Alcohol5 parts Metallic material such as powdered aluminum as a densifier 5parts EXAMPLE No. 2

Nitro Cellulose l0 parts Magnesium Silicate l0 parts Calcium Carbonate10 parts Titanium Dioxide 50 parts Toluol 10 parts Normal Propanol 10parts EXAMPLE No. 3

Ethyl Cellulose 5 parts Calcium Carbonate 5 parts Magnesium Silicate 5parts Titanium Dioxide 40 parts Ethyl Acetate parts Ethyl Alcohol 25parts Metallic Stearates I0 parts (Either Aluminum Stearate or MagnesiumStearate) The following are examples of the top release coat whichpenetrates through the binder to the substrate in the form of anelongated strip of paper or other suitable material.

or Magnesium stearate) The release coat materials when applied to thebase coat materials in the manner described before, work their way underthe base coat formulas forming a shield between the carrier paper andthe opaquing coating.

The solvent, either normal propanol, toluol or VM & P Naphtha, breaksdown the base coat material carrying and allowing the release coatmaterials to reach a position between the carrier paper and the opaquingformula.

Some of the clay, talc or metallic stearates in the top coat remain ontop and blot and absorb the heavy inked erroneous impression, therebyfacilitating the masking and reception process of correction employed bythis invention. 7

With continuing reference to the FIGURE wherein there is shownschematically the apparatus for manufacture of correction material,reference numeral 10 designates a drum or roll about which elongatedsubstrate strip material 12 is wound, the substrate material preferablybeing in the form of paper but may be of any other suitable material ora flexible coated material. The substrate material is passed through aseries of moisturizing rolls 14 and is then passed through the balanceof the apparatus and wound finally on roll 16.

The substrate material 12 passes in direction of arrows 18 over a basecoating roller 20 which revolves in a drum 22 having a solution inaccordance with the formulas for the base coat. The substrate with thebase coat thereon is then passed into a first drying chamber 24 which isunder a negative or subatmospheric pressure. An initial drying occurs inthe chamber 24 which is augmented by heat lamps or other suitableheating means 26, the atmosphere being exhausted from the chamber 24 inthe direction of arrow 28;. The substrate is then wound around roll 30and passed into a first treatment chamber 32. Heated air is directedinto the chamber 32 in the direction of arrows 34.

This heated air will serve to treat, harden and finish the base coating,after which it passes about a roller 36 and then about roller 38, andover the coating roller 40 which applies the top coat. This top coatincludes solvent which, as applied on the base coat, will penetrate thebase coat carrying with it the other ingredients of the top coat andinsinuating such between the substrate and the base coat. This isenhanced by the initial drying action in the second drying chamber 42which is under sub-atmospheric pressure. Heat is not applied at thistime so as to assure against undue evaporation of the solvent in the topcoat, and to provide for adequate insinuation thereof between the basecoat and the substrate, while assuring that at least some of the topcoat will ry in overlying relationship on the base coat. The elongatedsheet material is entrained about roller 44 and then passes into asecond treatment chamber 46 in which heated air is impinged on thecoated material in the direction of arrows 48 and at atmosphericpressure, and the sheet material is then entrained above rollers 50 and52 and wound up on the drum or roll 16. Any of the rolls or drums may bepowered in any desired manner to insure continuous operation.

It is to be especially noted that the base coat formulas contain binderin such proportion that the base coat by itself would be too hard foreffective transfer. However, when the top coat insinuates itself forrelease of the base coat, an effective transfer is realized and muchbetter opaquing and typeover results.

A latitude of modification, change and substitution is intended in theforegoing disclosure, and in some instances some features of theinvention will be employed without a corresponding use of otherfeatures.

I claim:

1. A method of manufacturing correction material comprising the steps ofapplying a transfer layer base coating including a binder, pigment, andsolvent on a substrate of strip material, drying said base coating byevaporating said solvent, applying a release layer top coating includinga binder, a solvent, and a clay, talc or metallic stearate material oversaid base coating, allow ing said top coating to penetrate said basecoating so that a portion of said top coating insinuates itself betweensaid base coating and said substrate with at least some of said clay,talc or metallic stearate material of said top coating remaining on topof said base coating, and then drying said top coating by evaporatingthe solvent thereof.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said base coating is dried byheat and vacuum drying, and then is subjected to treatment by heated airat atmospheric pressure.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said top coating is dried byvacuum drying and then subjected to heated air at atmospheric pressure.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the binder of said basecoating ethyl cellulose or nitro cellulose, the pigment of said basecoating is titanium dioxide, magnesium silicate, or calcium carbonateand the solvents of said base coating are butyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol,toluol, propanol, or ethyl acetate.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said top coating when appliedcontains at least thirty percent by weight of solvent.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein said solvent is naphtha ortoluol.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said base coating is dried byheat and vacuum drying, and then is subjected to treatment by heated airat atmospheric pressure.
 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein saidtop coating is dried by vacuum drying and then subjected to heated airat atmospheric pressure.
 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein thebinder of said base coating ethyl cellulose or nitro cellulose, thepigment of said base coating is titanium dioxide, magnesium silicate, orcalcium carbonate and the solvents of said base coating are butylalcohol, ethyl alcohol, toluol, propanol, or ethyl acetate.
 5. A methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said top coating when applied contains atleast thirty percent by weight of solvent.
 6. A method according toclaim 5, wherein said solvent is naphtha or toluol.